[Plus Size Clothing, Maternity Clothes and dresses] [Plus Size Clothing, Maternity Clothes and dresses] [Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] Weather weighs on October sales

By: Leonie Barrie - 7 November 2011 18:42

Growth in US same-store sales appeared to cool in October as weather and economic malaise weighed on retailers, putting extra pressure on businesses as they transition into the crucial holiday season. Indeed, sitting between the back-to-school spending rush and the all-important shopping fest that lies ahead, it is probably not surprising the month's sales growth slowed to 3.9%, according to figures released last week.

Retailers have put the blame on several factors, including unseasonably warm weather curbing demand for winter apparel early in the month and a snowstorm in the north eastern US at the end of October keeping shoppers at home.

UK-based online fashion retailer Asos, meanwhile, plans to focus its energies on its international business - revealing that its overseas sales are worth more because they are exempt from VAT and are skewed towards higher-margin own label lines. The company has just booked a 66% hike in underlying pre-tax profit.

But Limited Brands, which operates the Victoria's Secret, Pink, Bath & Body Works, La Senza and Henri Bendel stores, has sold a controlling stake in its Mast Global Fashions apparel sourcing division to New York based private equity firm Sycamore Partners. There are plans to expand the unit, which will be spun off as a standalone company, leaving Limited Brands to focus on its intimate apparel, beauty and personal care lines.

On the footwear front, a World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute panel has largely backed a complaint by China that anti-dumping duties imposed by the European Union (EU) on certain leather footwear imports breached global rules. But while the panel said the anti-dumping duties were inconsistent with the EU's obligations under the WTO, it rejected most of China's claims of violation in connection with the original investigation and expiry review.

And Mexican shoe makers have been lifted by news that Tempe Grupo Inditex, the shoe-making franchise of the Spanish fashion giant, plans to triple its footwear production in the country. Meanwhile, other international brands such as Nike, Steve Madden and Puma are also mulling boosting their output in the Guanajuato region, which has become well-known for making high quality leather shoes.

Following a period of turmoil over the past year as apparel retailers, brands and manufacturers grappled with soaring cotton costs, this month's management briefing from just-style looks at the latest fluctuations in the market. Natural fibres and yarns still hold strong, there is talk of a rise in domestic yarn and fibre sourcing in the west, man-made fibres are waiting in the wings, and cotton supplies fuel the struggle between Indian producers and users.

But while China's domestic cashmere market appears to be booming according to figures released at the annual Cashmere World trade show in Beijing - rising costs cause concern. Cashmere experts have also attacked claims that their industry is unsustainable, and have greeted new China cashmere quality standards with scepticism.

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[Plus Size Clothing, Maternity Clothes and dresses] [Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] Weather weighs on October sales

By: Leonie Barrie - 7 November 2011 18:42

Growth in US same-store sales appeared to cool in October as weather and economic malaise weighed on retailers, putting extra pressure on businesses as they transition into the crucial holiday season. Indeed, sitting between the back-to-school spending rush and the all-important shopping fest that lies ahead, it is probably not surprising the month's sales growth slowed to 3.9%, according to figures released last week.

Retailers have put the blame on several factors, including unseasonably warm weather curbing demand for winter apparel early in the month and a snowstorm in the north eastern US at the end of October keeping shoppers at home.

UK-based online fashion retailer Asos, meanwhile, plans to focus its energies on its international business - revealing that its overseas sales are worth more because they are exempt from VAT and are skewed towards higher-margin own label lines. The company has just booked a 66% hike in underlying pre-tax profit.

But Limited Brands, which operates the Victoria's Secret, Pink, Bath & Body Works, La Senza and Henri Bendel stores, has sold a controlling stake in its Mast Global Fashions apparel sourcing division to New York based private equity firm Sycamore Partners. There are plans to expand the unit, which will be spun off as a standalone company, leaving Limited Brands to focus on its intimate apparel, beauty and personal care lines.

On the footwear front, a World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute panel has largely backed a complaint by China that anti-dumping duties imposed by the European Union (EU) on certain leather footwear imports breached global rules. But while the panel said the anti-dumping duties were inconsistent with the EU's obligations under the WTO, it rejected most of China's claims of violation in connection with the original investigation and expiry review.

And Mexican shoe makers have been lifted by news that Tempe Grupo Inditex, the shoe-making franchise of the Spanish fashion giant, plans to triple its footwear production in the country. Meanwhile, other international brands such as Nike, Steve Madden and Puma are also mulling boosting their output in the Guanajuato region, which has become well-known for making high quality leather shoes.

Following a period of turmoil over the past year as apparel retailers, brands and manufacturers grappled with soaring cotton costs, this month's management briefing from just-style looks at the latest fluctuations in the market. Natural fibres and yarns still hold strong, there is talk of a rise in domestic yarn and fibre sourcing in the west, man-made fibres are waiting in the wings, and cotton supplies fuel the struggle between Indian producers and users.

But while China's domestic cashmere market appears to be booming according to figures released at the annual Cashmere World trade show in Beijing - rising costs cause concern. Cashmere experts have also attacked claims that their industry is unsustainable, and have greeted new China cashmere quality standards with scepticism.

View the original article here

Posted via email from gaureey's Space

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[Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] Weather weighs on October sales

By: Leonie Barrie - 7 November 2011 18:42

Growth in US same-store sales appeared to cool in October as weather and economic malaise weighed on retailers, putting extra pressure on businesses as they transition into the crucial holiday season. Indeed, sitting between the back-to-school spending rush and the all-important shopping fest that lies ahead, it is probably not surprising the month's sales growth slowed to 3.9%, according to figures released last week.

Retailers have put the blame on several factors, including unseasonably warm weather curbing demand for winter apparel early in the month and a snowstorm in the north eastern US at the end of October keeping shoppers at home.

UK-based online fashion retailer Asos, meanwhile, plans to focus its energies on its international business - revealing that its overseas sales are worth more because they are exempt from VAT and are skewed towards higher-margin own label lines. The company has just booked a 66% hike in underlying pre-tax profit.

But Limited Brands, which operates the Victoria's Secret, Pink, Bath & Body Works, La Senza and Henri Bendel stores, has sold a controlling stake in its Mast Global Fashions apparel sourcing division to New York based private equity firm Sycamore Partners. There are plans to expand the unit, which will be spun off as a standalone company, leaving Limited Brands to focus on its intimate apparel, beauty and personal care lines.

On the footwear front, a World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute panel has largely backed a complaint by China that anti-dumping duties imposed by the European Union (EU) on certain leather footwear imports breached global rules. But while the panel said the anti-dumping duties were inconsistent with the EU's obligations under the WTO, it rejected most of China's claims of violation in connection with the original investigation and expiry review.

And Mexican shoe makers have been lifted by news that Tempe Grupo Inditex, the shoe-making franchise of the Spanish fashion giant, plans to triple its footwear production in the country. Meanwhile, other international brands such as Nike, Steve Madden and Puma are also mulling boosting their output in the Guanajuato region, which has become well-known for making high quality leather shoes.

Following a period of turmoil over the past year as apparel retailers, brands and manufacturers grappled with soaring cotton costs, this month's management briefing from just-style looks at the latest fluctuations in the market. Natural fibres and yarns still hold strong, there is talk of a rise in domestic yarn and fibre sourcing in the west, man-made fibres are waiting in the wings, and cotton supplies fuel the struggle between Indian producers and users.

But while China's domestic cashmere market appears to be booming according to figures released at the annual Cashmere World trade show in Beijing - rising costs cause concern. Cashmere experts have also attacked claims that their industry is unsustainable, and have greeted new China cashmere quality standards with scepticism.

View the original article here

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[Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] Amy Winehouse Dress Fetches $67,000 at Auction

Photo Courtesy of Island RecordsThe Grammy winner?s red and white dress that she wore on the cover of her Back to Black album just sold for £43,200, or about $67,500, at a London auction, according to CBS News. The Fundacion Museo de la Moda in Chile purchased the dress that was designed by Thailand-based designer Disaya in 2006.

The proceeds from the sale were donated to the Amy Winehouse Foundation that was established by the family to help young people. Amy?s father was at the auction and expressed his excitement for the organization, telling CBS News that his family is "just over the moon and this is a wonderful start to the foundation." If there is one thing that Amy Winehouse will always be known for it?s her style. After all, she had a very distinctive look: beehive hair, cat eye makeup, and retro clothing to match.

Read the full story at CBSNews.com.

Photo Credit: Fred Duval/WireImage.com

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[Plus Size Clothing, Maternity Clothes and dresses] [Plus Size Clothing, Maternity Clothes and dresses] [Plus Size Clothing, Maternity Clothes and dresses] [Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] 2011 Retrospective: US Textile and Apparel Shipme

Apparel and textile imports were up a little more than 15 percent, totaling $97.2 billion during the first 10 months of this year compared with the same period last year. Those imports have been in positive territory for the last two years after tumbling 13.5 percent in 2009.

China, which sent $40 billion in apparel and textiles to the United States from January through October, still accounts for 40 percent of all U.S. apparel and textiles imports, a rate that has held fairly steady over the years.

But Vietnam has made great strides as an apparel powerhouse, now ranking as the No. 2 supplier to the United States when it comes to clothing. Since joining the World Trade Organization in early 2007, Vietnam’s apparel industry has steadily grown to make apparel the country’s No. 1 export product. During the first 10 months of this year, that Southeast Asian country shipped $7.2 billion in apparel and textile goods to the United States, a nearly 18 percent jump over last year.

India has also been growing its apparel exports, now ranking as the No. 3 provider of apparel and textiles in the United States in terms of dollar value. It shipped nearly $5.9 billion in clothes to U.S. consumers during the first 10 months of this year, a nearly 12.4 percent gain from last year.

Other major apparel producers for the U.S. market were Indonesia, Mexico, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Honduras.

Just as imports were rising, so were U.S. apparel and textile exports as a weaker U.S. dollar helped sales. At the same time, U.S. manufacturers are busy going global and diversifying their markets to Europe, Asia and the Middle East to counter any weakness in the U.S. economy.

During the first 10 months of this year, exports were up nearly 15 percent to $18.9 billion, compared with $16.45 billion during the same period last year.—D.B. 

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[Plus Size Clothing, Maternity Clothes and dresses] [Plus Size Clothing, Maternity Clothes and dresses] [Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] 2011 Retrospective: US Textile and Apparel Shipments Show Healthy Gains

Apparel and textile imports were up a little more than 15 percent, totaling $97.2 billion during the first 10 months of this year compared with the same period last year. Those imports have been in positive territory for the last two years after tumbling 13.5 percent in 2009.

China, which sent $40 billion in apparel and textiles to the United States from January through October, still accounts for 40 percent of all U.S. apparel and textiles imports, a rate that has held fairly steady over the years.

But Vietnam has made great strides as an apparel powerhouse, now ranking as the No. 2 supplier to the United States when it comes to clothing. Since joining the World Trade Organization in early 2007, Vietnam’s apparel industry has steadily grown to make apparel the country’s No. 1 export product. During the first 10 months of this year, that Southeast Asian country shipped $7.2 billion in apparel and textile goods to the United States, a nearly 18 percent jump over last year.

India has also been growing its apparel exports, now ranking as the No. 3 provider of apparel and textiles in the United States in terms of dollar value. It shipped nearly $5.9 billion in clothes to U.S. consumers during the first 10 months of this year, a nearly 12.4 percent gain from last year.

Other major apparel producers for the U.S. market were Indonesia, Mexico, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Honduras.

Just as imports were rising, so were U.S. apparel and textile exports as a weaker U.S. dollar helped sales. At the same time, U.S. manufacturers are busy going global and diversifying their markets to Europe, Asia and the Middle East to counter any weakness in the U.S. economy.

During the first 10 months of this year, exports were up nearly 15 percent to $18.9 billion, compared with $16.45 billion during the same period last year.—D.B. 

View the original article here

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[Plus Size Clothing, Maternity Clothes and dresses] [Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] 2011 Retrospective: US Textile and Apparel Shipments Show Healthy Gains

Apparel and textile imports were up a little more than 15 percent, totaling $97.2 billion during the first 10 months of this year compared with the same period last year. Those imports have been in positive territory for the last two years after tumbling 13.5 percent in 2009.

China, which sent $40 billion in apparel and textiles to the United States from January through October, still accounts for 40 percent of all U.S. apparel and textiles imports, a rate that has held fairly steady over the years.

But Vietnam has made great strides as an apparel powerhouse, now ranking as the No. 2 supplier to the United States when it comes to clothing. Since joining the World Trade Organization in early 2007, Vietnam’s apparel industry has steadily grown to make apparel the country’s No. 1 export product. During the first 10 months of this year, that Southeast Asian country shipped $7.2 billion in apparel and textile goods to the United States, a nearly 18 percent jump over last year.

India has also been growing its apparel exports, now ranking as the No. 3 provider of apparel and textiles in the United States in terms of dollar value. It shipped nearly $5.9 billion in clothes to U.S. consumers during the first 10 months of this year, a nearly 12.4 percent gain from last year.

Other major apparel producers for the U.S. market were Indonesia, Mexico, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Honduras.

Just as imports were rising, so were U.S. apparel and textile exports as a weaker U.S. dollar helped sales. At the same time, U.S. manufacturers are busy going global and diversifying their markets to Europe, Asia and the Middle East to counter any weakness in the U.S. economy.

During the first 10 months of this year, exports were up nearly 15 percent to $18.9 billion, compared with $16.45 billion during the same period last year.—D.B. 

View the original article here

Posted via email from gaureey's Space

Posted via email from gaureey's Space

[Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] 2011 Retrospective: US Textile and Apparel Shipments Show Healthy Gains

Apparel and textile imports were up a little more than 15 percent, totaling $97.2 billion during the first 10 months of this year compared with the same period last year. Those imports have been in positive territory for the last two years after tumbling 13.5 percent in 2009.

China, which sent $40 billion in apparel and textiles to the United States from January through October, still accounts for 40 percent of all U.S. apparel and textiles imports, a rate that has held fairly steady over the years.

But Vietnam has made great strides as an apparel powerhouse, now ranking as the No. 2 supplier to the United States when it comes to clothing. Since joining the World Trade Organization in early 2007, Vietnam’s apparel industry has steadily grown to make apparel the country’s No. 1 export product. During the first 10 months of this year, that Southeast Asian country shipped $7.2 billion in apparel and textile goods to the United States, a nearly 18 percent jump over last year.

India has also been growing its apparel exports, now ranking as the No. 3 provider of apparel and textiles in the United States in terms of dollar value. It shipped nearly $5.9 billion in clothes to U.S. consumers during the first 10 months of this year, a nearly 12.4 percent gain from last year.

Other major apparel producers for the U.S. market were Indonesia, Mexico, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Honduras.

Just as imports were rising, so were U.S. apparel and textile exports as a weaker U.S. dollar helped sales. At the same time, U.S. manufacturers are busy going global and diversifying their markets to Europe, Asia and the Middle East to counter any weakness in the U.S. economy.

During the first 10 months of this year, exports were up nearly 15 percent to $18.9 billion, compared with $16.45 billion during the same period last year.—D.B. 

View the original article here

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Gemvara's New Naked Gems Collection

Now that the holiday season is upon us, there is no better time to think about giving that special someone in your life a personalized gift. Gemvara, Inc. has created a unique site that offers more than 1,500 designs to choose from where you can also customize your own pieces to make the jewelry more personal. From a mother’s ring to a beautiful pendant, there is something for everyone on your holiday list here.

Each of the designs takes two to three weeks to create because they are all customizable and all of the products are made in the United States. Corinne Grousbeck, wife of Celtics owner Wyc Grousbeck, has recently joined the Gemvara team as vice president of brand marketing.

How did she become involved in Gemvara.com?

For the past 20 years, Corinne has been extremely active in the non-profit community, working as a consultant to organizations like Perkins School for the Blind, Children’s Hospital Boston Children’s Hospital Trust Fund, and the Isabella Stewart Gardener Museum and single-handedly raising millions of dollars for charities’ awareness. She has always had a passion for jewelry and fashion and wanted to find a new way to challenge herself. She put feelers out to her friends and contacts to see what type of opportunities were out there and was soon introduced to founder and CEO of Gemvara.com, Matt Lauzon. In July, 2011 she assumed the role as an advisor to Matt and soon after was named vice president, brand marketing.

What was the inspiration behind the Naked Gems collection she created?

Corinne wanted to create a collection of statement-making, eye-catching jewelry that would still be very individualized to its wearer. Like all Gemvara jewelry, the Naked Gems Collection allows the shopper to customize the design with their favorite gems and metals to create a truly unique, one-of-a-kind piece of jewelry. With options like London Blue Topaz or Lemon Quartz, the rings, pendants and earrings in this collection focus on the brilliance of the stones. They have secured high-quality gems that are very rich in color so that when the piece is on your finger or around your neck, the color is striking. The pieces are at a low enough price point (starting around $250) that women don’t have to feel guilty about ordering the same ring in multiple colors to match different outfits. They continuously see customers buying different colored pendants in each of their children’s birthstones as a way to honor them. Men often purchase three pieces of jewelry, all in the same gemstone color because they know it’s 'her' favorite. They’re hoping to make fashionable jewelry as meaningful and personal as someone’s engagement ring or wedding band.

What are some of the best sellers from the Naked Gems collection?

Gemstone jewelry is so popular right now that everything in the Naked Gems Collection is selling well. Blue Topaz is one of the most popular gemstones (it has consistently been the number one selling gemstone) and they had the Naked Cushion Petite Bezel Pendant rise to the number thirteen spot this month. Another popular piece is the Naked Pave Pendant because it’s so easy to layer with other necklaces or buy in a few different colors to wear separately or all at once. The response to the new collection has been phenomenal!

[Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] Former Baby Phat Licensee Files for Bankruptcy Protection

BP Clothing, the Los Angeles–area apparel company that, until recently, held the license to make Baby Phat clothing, primarily for Wal-Mart, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

The company, located in Commerce, Calif., filed bankruptcy papers on Dec. 12 in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in New York.

BP Clothing, founded in 2003 by Steven Feiner along with Scott London and investment company Steel Partners, listed $57.4 million in assets and nearly $94 million in debt.

The list of creditors reaches far into the apparel and finance worlds. The top three secured creditors were Guggenheim Corporate Funding, owed $58 million; MVC Capital Inc., owed $24 million; and First Capital factors, owed $3.7 million.

Others on the list to collect money included Majestic Realty, operators of the company’s former warehouse. Majestic is in line to collect $272,377. Foyal Garment Co., based outside of Chicago, said it is owed nearly $200,000. Pacific Continental Textiles of Rancho Dominguez, Calif., has a claim in for $145,000.

Tough economic times, falling apparel prices and skyrocketing cotton prices have challenged the company that once occupied a 111,400-square-foot warehouse in Pico Rivera, Calif., until it could no longer pay the $65,000 monthly rent.

Recently, BP Clothing moved to a 13,000-square-foot facility in Commerce and is renting a warehouse to hold its stock, the company said in court papers.

As an example of its financial hardship, the apparel venture rolled out a slew of statistics showing its revenues in fiscal year 2010 declined to $89 million after hitting high marks of $101 million in 2009 and $132.8 million in 2008.

According to court papers, the company has been battling a cash-flow problem that hampered its ability to finance its Baby Phat production. Subsequently, BP Clothing early this year lost its license to sell Baby Phat clothing to Wal-Mart.

Currently, the only label BP Clothing is selling to Wal-Mart is its own Susie Rose line of apparel.

The idea is for the company, which employs 42 people and uses eight contractors, to quickly exit bankruptcy with a plan supported by its creditors, who may end up receiving equity in the company as opposed to receiving money.

“We are attempting to repair the balance sheet and reorganize around the current licenses we own,” said Michael Fox, BP Clothing’s bankruptcy attorney. He noted that the company is still up and running.

According to court papers, “The debtor seeks to efficiently reduce the substantial debt burden that hinders its ability to effectively compete in a competitive market that has been challenged by overall economic conditions. A successful restructuring will allow the debtor to concentrate its resources on generating revenue and expanding market share.”

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[Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] Dressing For Your Body Type | Celebrities Show Us How It's Done

Beretta/Sims/Startraks/Jeff R. Bottari/Getty/Jim SmealGetting dressed in the morning doesn't have to be a big ordeal if you're aware of how to dress for your personal body type. There are just certain styles and cuts that aren't going to be as flattering as others if you are trying to force it on the wrong body shape. People magazine took a look at some of Hollywood's hottest celebrities and their various body types to show just how it's done.
If you're tall and thin like Taylor Swift then a corset dress with a singed waist is perfect to give you some curves where you need them. The full, flowy skirt also adds some shape to a thinner frame as well. (Photo Credit: UPI/Terry Wyatt/Landov)
If you are more petite like Nicole Richie, a looser fitting dress in a thicker or shinier material is a great idea. The waist is still accentuated while the low cut neck line and uneven hem line call attention to the right areas. (Photo Credit: Donato Sardella/Wireimage)
If you have a fuller figure like Adele, choosing a darker color palette and embellishments works perfectly. The tea-length adds height and elongates the body along with the three-quarter length sleeves. (Photo Credit: Kevin Mazur/Wireimage)

Visit PeopleStyleWatch.com to see more tips on dressing for your body type.

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[Dresses - Wedding Dresses, Women Clothes online] Designer Profile: Raquel Allegra

Raquel Allegra is perhaps best known for her avant-garde T-shirts made with elaborate shredding techniques and tie-dyed prints. But in just five...

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Sterling Silver Amethyst Butterfly Pendant, 18"

Round and marquise-shaped amethyst stones form bright butterfly wings in this charming sterling silver pendant. The stones are held securely in prong settings and frame a silver centerpiece detailed with polished bead accents. Appointed with a split bale, this pendant slides along an 18-inch sterling silver frozantin chain that fastens in back with a spring ring clasp. Amethyst, the birthstone for February, is a gemstone that has been prized by royalty throughout the ages for its regal purple color.

Price: $35.00

Click here to buy from Amazon

Sterling Silver Black and White Round Diamond Heart Pendant (1/10 cttw)

This stunning heart pendant of 0.10 cttw treated black and white Round Shaped Diamonds set in a sterling silver design will be a great gift for her on any occasion.

Price: $150.50

Click here to buy from Amazon

Sterling Silver 5.5-6mm Genuine Freshwater Cultured White Pearl Necklace Bracelet & Stud Earrings Set

5.5-6mm freshwater cultured white pearls are paired with sterling silver in this magnificent jewelry set. An 18" necklace, a 7" bracelet, and chic stud earrings come together to give you a great looking set at a great price.

Price: $50.00

Click here to buy from Amazon

Sterling Silver Open Double Flower Pendant, 16" - 18"

Add a dash of spring to your style any time of year with this pretty open flower pendant. Slender bars of polished sterling silver bend and curve to form a star-shaped double flower with pretty tapered petals. The floral design is anchored at the center by a small polished silver bead and secures to a triangular silver bale. It slides along a smooth and slender 18-inch curb chain that fastens with a spring ring clasp. The look is fresh, contemporary, and feminine. Unlike the flowers in your garden, this one has a beauty that will never fade.

Price: $65.00

Click here to buy from Amazon

What Makes Handmade Jewelry Handmade?

Men and women have adorned themselves with handmade jewelry since long before the age of reason. Garlands of flowers, bracelets of woven grass, shells, and stone; such were the first decorations to beautify the human body. We may have been wearing jewelry as far back as 75,000 years ago -- 30,000 years earlier than previously believed -- according to a recent report by National Geographic News.

Over the millennia, jewelry styles and materials have evolved in step with the advances of civilization. From the Stone Age to the Bronze Age, from the Iron Age to the Industrial Revolution (and seemingly back again!), styles have transformed, modernized, and then often returned to their most basic forms and essential elements.

Today, jewelry is primarily machine made, allowing manufacturers to produce uniform jewelry designs much more economically than traditional handcrafting and hand-casting techniques allow. Casting machines now quickly process into uniform molds such components as metals, plastics, and resins, allowing even complex jewelry designs to be produced with speed and uniformity. Mechanical punch presses and forges, likewise, are also commonly employed in the jewelry manufacturing industry today, to help ensure the production of a consistent, highly profitable product.

In the past decade, however, the modern marketplace has experienced a resurgence of interest in handmade jewelry, and a greater value is again being placed on unique and limited edition jewelry designs, made by hand with ancient crafting processes.

With this renewed demand, jewelry artisans the world over are enjoying improved sales and recognition for their talents and skills. Many specialty galleries -- and even major department stores -- now feature an increasing array of handmade jewelry. With the advent and spread of the Internet as a sales tool worldwide, many international jewelry artisans, even located in remote regions, are also enjoying the benefits of direct sales to distant customers.

Novica hosts the largest handmade jewelry marketplace on the Internet, featuring some 15,000 unique designs, direct from master artisans in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Regina Bimadona, director of Novica's regional office in Bali, herself a jewelry artist, works closely with master jewelers in Bali and Java, helping them bring their collections, and the unique stories behind those collections, to appreciative customers worldwide. Bimadona specializes in assisting jewelers who still create limited-edition collections with traditional, handmade techniques.

In the following interview, Bimadona outlines the basic differences between handmade and mass-produced jewelry, and the benefits of and drawbacks to both handmade and machine-made techniques.

CG: What makes handmade jewelry truly handmade?

RB: Handmade jewelry is crafted by hands, instead of mechanically made with machines. Handmade jewelers use old metal-smith skills, simple tools, and a broad variety of techniques to create their desired forms and shapes. In handmade jewelry you can often observe each item's uniqueness, its dissimilarity from similar pieces. You can also usually sense the cultural individuality, meaning, and even history behind many such designs, even if such information is not provided along with the jewelry. Handmade jewelry techniques require considerable concentration, time, skill, creativity, and dedication. This is often clearly recognizable in the finished piece, making fine handmade jewelry stand out from mass-manufactured, uniform items.

CG: Are there other ways buyers can tell the difference between truly handmade jewelry, and mass-produced jewelry that might at first glance appear handmade? For example, some of the jewelry that we find in large department stores today may appear "rustic," but that does not necessarily mean it is actually made by hand.

RB: You will find that true handmade jewelry is typically not identical to other pieces of the same design. It is often easiest to examine jewelry that has considerable decoration -- many aspects. Examine each individual component; you can often clearly see how they are attached and constructed. Mass-produced or machine-made jewelry typically looks more rigid and uniform. Some handmade, traditional-style jewelry appears less perfect than machine-made jewelry, although high quality handmade jewelry should nonetheless be made to last, and this should be apparent in the details. Perhaps surprisingly, I have found that machine-made jewelry often breaks more easily than well-made handmade jewelry. Much of the mass-produced jewelry sold today as "handmade" may indeed be handmade, for example in department stores, but that does not necessarily mean it is of the highest quality. Mass-production facilities typically require artisans to meet efficiency quotas that result in poorly made jewelry, made with cheaper materials -- even if it is technically made by hand. I recommend looking for handmade jewelry that is not mass-produced -- not available in large quantities. High quality handmade jewelry often has an artisan's name and reputation proudly attached to the finished product. Fortunately, quality and uniqueness are typically apparent to the careful observer.

CG: What are the benefits of purchasing handmade jewelry, rather than mass-produced jewelry?

RB: Handmade jewelry offers the pleasure of unique, often rare designs, that are not-identical, typically made by a true artist -- with great love and passion. Jewelry is an art form. I truly believe this strength of feeling comes across in the design process, and in the finished jewelry itself. Mass-produced items simply have less soul. I believe that handmade jewelry also better reflects the wearer's personal touch and style, expressing individuality and interest. To wear mass-produced jewelry, of a common style, to my mind lends the wearer the appearance of being somewhat mass-produced. Mass-produced jewelry can indeed be less expensive to purchase, because it is certainly less expensive to make, but it is not necessarily less expensive to purchase. Regardless, mass-produced jewelry usually brings with it no special meaning or history -- no story, no life. When you wear beautiful handmade jewelry, it is a pleasure to be able to explain to admirers the actual story or history behind what you are wearing, or information about the artist, which is often possible with handmade jewelry bought from individual artisans or their representative galleries. Above all, it is simply a joy to wear jewelry that someone has personally and lovingly created by hand.

CG: Who are some of your favorite handmade jewelry artisans, in your region of the world, and why?

RB: Wayan Sarjana is one of my favorite jewelry artisans in Bali. He has a wonderful personality, in addition to his high quality handmade jewelry. His designs are lovely, his prices are affordable, and his creativity is endless. Locally, Mariella, Priyo Salim, Agung Pribadi, Janice Ripley, and Zayd are a few other personal favorites. Fortunately, they have all agreed to participate on the Novica Web site, along with many of our other finest artisans here, so I have the honor to assist and represent them now. Each of their biographies, and collections, are included in the Novica Handmade Jewelry department, where you will find detailed explanations as to why I admire and recommend these jewelers so highly, as well as other favorite jewelers and artisans.

CG: What inspired you, personally, to learn to make jewelry by hand? When did you begin? What style do you prefer, and what materials?

RB: My background is in art and design. It has always fascinated me to work with my hands -- to let my soul, my mind, and my body link together in the process of making something new and exciting. I enjoy having private conversations with the materials I work with -- to play with these materials within my imaginary space, and to see the evolution and transformation of various components into a new form of existence. It is exciting. Many new ideas and silent conversations begin flowing during the making of any sort of art, including jewelry. I began creating jewelry in 1988, while studying at the Indonesia Art Institute. Then, I often visited a friend's jewelry studio nearby, and that is where I began to learn this art form. A few years later, when one of our big Indonesian magazines held jewelry design competitions, I entered, and twice was a finalist in their competitions, in 1990 and 1991. I enjoy creating both contemporary and traditional styles. I enjoy working with many materials, including sterling silver, gold, copper, wood, leather, bone, amber, and especially natural gemstones and pearls.

CG: Do you still have time to make handmade jewelry these days, or are you too busy with your managerial work?

RB: I wish I had more time to make handmade jewelry today! I am so busy with Novica. Fortunately my Novica work revolves around what I love most. I spend my days meeting with our region's most exciting master artisans and jewelers. Also, because of my personal expertise with art, including handmade jewelry, I can frequently offer helpful business suggestions to the artisans with whom I work, which brings me great personal satisfaction. I do also continue to make a few jewelry designs of my own, and I continue collecting materials, especially gemstones and pearls, for some new jewelry collections I have in mind. Jewelry is such a passionate aspect of life. I enjoy every minute of my work, whether working as a designer myself, or helping others who are dedicated to this beautiful and artistic way of life.

Catherine Gallegos serves as editor-in-chief of Novica (part of the National Geographic family), a retail site featuring the handmade creations of artisans worldwide, including handmade jewelry.

Why is it Difficult to Sell Handcrafted Jewelry?

Exceptional handcrafted jewelry is designed and handmade by talented jewelers and artisan-jewelers the world over. While many designers create entirely unique designs, others are deeply influenced by their region's historic cultural and traditional styles.

Jewelry expert Merlly Calisto works closely with hundreds of master artisan-designers in her homeland, Peru. There, she serves as regional director of Novica.com, a world arts website that assists thousands of artisans worldwide and features each artist's biography and handcrafted collection online.

In the following interview, Calisto discusses handcrafted jewelry as an art form, and traditional styles and materials of handmade jewelry in Peru. Calisto explains what she looks for when seeking new jewelry designers and collections, who she recommends, and how she became a jewelry expert.

CG: Why does Novica specialize in handcrafted jewelry, instead of machine-made jewelry? What advantages does handmade jewelry provide over mass-produced designs?

MC: Handcrafted jewelry is more challenging. You can feel the artist's soul in it. For artisans, handcrafted jewelry provides the chance to explore your creativity, to give more of yourself and to make it true, without requiring the artist to invest thousands to get his or her idea developed. With simple tools, basic raw materials, and talented hands, artists can express their feelings and beliefs in this art form, and show off their unique designs and their inherited culture. Machine-made jewelry, on the other hand, requires a significant investment in machines, employees, and many other related costs, while it removes the creative essence from this art.

CG: What are the typical styles of handcrafted jewelry a collector will find in Peru today?

MC: The typical styles for collectors of Peruvian jewelry include Pre-Inca, Traditional, Colonial, and even Modern. We are recognized for our gold and silver mines, which our ancestors put to use with considerable dedication. The most popular use was for the creation of exquisite, carefully handcrafted jewelry. Our ancestors captured their beliefs in their jewelry, and the symbols associated with those beliefs. You will popularly find Peruvian jewelry featuring royal birds, felines, the Sun God, and so forth. Peru is the Land of the Sun. Our Colonial jewelry, despite of being the result of the Conquest of the Americas, shows what our ancestors began to create after they learned an entirely new culture. So our Colonial jewelry merges our ancestor's unique talents with new beginnings, and typically features a heavier emphasis on flora, rather than the emphasis on fauna that their predecessors maintained. Nowadays the art of jewelry design is opening up further in Peru, becoming a more attractive field for new jewelers who prefer modern jewelry -- inspired by our roots, but featuring more abstract shapes and ideas. This means that the Peruvian artist may still express himself in a way that is inspired by our culture, but merged again with new beginnings.

CG: Can you describe more of the details one can expect to enjoy in Pre-Inca, Inca, and other Peruvian handcrafted jewelry designs?

MC: Pre-Inca and Inca jewelry share similarities, because the Inca Empire resulted from the conquest of various Pre-Inca cultures. Inca jewelry expresses the Inca's beliefs and cosmology. You will find images of felines, people, or birds decorated with snakes or sunbeams which express royalty, power and loyalty. Some of our Pre-Inca cultures used a simple, attractive style to express their beliefs, most of those are still commonly represented in artistry today, and not only in jewelry. Colonial style jewelry is considered an elegant style. A Colonial jewel design, or a Modern jewelry design inspired by colonial times, gives you the sense of seeing something designed for the Queen. Although we do not use diamonds, for example, you cannot confuse this style with a bijouterie -- you will feel it as a jewel. Colonial jewelry and Inca-style jewelry are typically stunning handmade works of art, perfect for collectors.

CG: What gemstones and metals are mined in Peru, and commonly found in handcrafted Peruvian jewelry? What about the quality level of those same Peruvian materials?

MC: Nice question, I love it. Do you know why? The Silver Institute has named Peru as the first world silver producer -- yes! -- followed by Mexico. Regarding gold, we are the first in Latin America, and the fifth in the world. About quality, we are considered one of the best. Regarding gemstones, we have a special stone, the Andean Opal. There is a lot of opal around the world, but Andean Opal is purely Peruvian. From this stone we have Crisocola, which was used by Pre-Incas in their jewelry. Other popular semiprecious stones are Sodalite, Onyx, Obsidian, Jasper, Serpentine, Angelite.

CG: When you are considering representing new handcrafted jewelry artisans, what do you look for, in their design style, materials, and quality? How do you determine those factors?

MC: What I look for first is the meaning of each design -- immediately I imagine someone wearing it. Who would be the customer? How does he or she look when wearing this piece? Is it design for a market where the customer looks for something different, to convey tradition, culture, and soul? I usually look for some aspect of our roots, whether the design is modern or traditional. If it expresses Peru in any of its ways, it is of initial interest to me. I find myself grateful when the materials are Peruvian, especially our silver, gold, and local stones. Then, of course it must be carefully crafted and meticulously finished.

CG: Can you please name a handful of your favorite handmade jewelry designers? Please describe why they are your favorites.

MC: IIlaria is one of my favorites. She leans toward the colonial style we discussed, and she really designs for the customer, not for herself. You can view her collection at Novica, to see what I mean.

Patricia Jara is another of my favorites, because most of her items are in the modern style that is nonetheless always inspired by Pre-Inca cultures. Claudia Llaury merges tradition with her way of expressing tradition, in a simple way, and she uses always local materials, including high quality silver. Juan Contreras creates lovely designs, especially his Inca-style designs, such as his "Veil of the Incas" collection. Claudia Lira's quality is very high, and her jewelry shows that Peruvian artists keep innovating. Anna Lia and Adrian feature a fusion of ethnic elegance and Art Deco, although they do not always use local gemstones. I feel very proud to represent these and many other extraordinary artisans and designers. They are each showcased individually within our Novica Handcrafted Jewelry division.

CG: What led to your experience in the handcrafted jewelry field? Did you begin as a jewelry artist yourself?

MC: I think I am more theoretical than practical. On a personal level, I love jewelry. On a professional level, my experience in jewelry began with a job promoting Peruvian jewelry abroad. For that, I visited many small and well-known workshops to learn about all aspects of jewelry production. I was involved with metal industry deals as well. I participated in expert meetings at the National Industries Society and Mining Society.

Personally, I noticed a lack of finishing expertise, especially in some of the smaller workshops, so I began to organize attendance for technical courses, and began designing educational workshops for small and new jewelers. I learned much over the years, but really never put this knowledge into practice as an artist myself. I have enjoyed participating in international jewelry fairs, including, for example, Iberjoya in Madrid, and I have attended international jewelry symposiums promoted by various international cooperation programs.

I have participated in an important local silver contest called Plata del Peru, sponsored by Patronato de la Plata, as an invited judge. My years with Novica have broadened my experience still further in many ways. Meanwhile, the market has enjoyed great growth, and I now feel myself closer to the market at Novica. New jewelry materials and concepts are always wandering around the world, so I keep learning about what's new.

I enjoy visiting the Mining Institute, where one can learn much about local gemstones. And I have enjoyed taking some handmade jewelry classes to become more practically involved with our artists. Every so often I visit jewelry suppliers to see what is new, and to be updated about prices. I must stay up-to-date on all prices so that I can better assist artists, and understand their cost needs. It is a complex and fascinating profession!

Catherine Gallegos serves as editor-in-chief of Novica (part of the National Geographic family), a retail site featuring the handmade creations of artisans worldwide, including handcrafted jewelry.

The Gold Guide to Pretty Heart Jewelry

Nice Article

Long before the invention of the American Dollar, the Indian Rupee, or the British Pound, another form of currency was used by people around the world. Do you know what it was? It was gold, and it was a timeless way to denote how rich and powerful a person was. It is both heavy and rare, and it has been used as a status symbol throughout the years. This is our free gold guide to beautiful heart jewelry. We hope that you enjoy this journey into the incorporation of gold into our beautiful jewelry items.

Gold is one of our most valuable and precious metals. It is also very malleable and soft. Did you happen to know that? A mere ounce of the stuff can be stretched into a fine wire about 5 miles long. If you were to pound that same ounce of gold, it would form a thin sheet that could cover 100 square feet. It won't corrode or rust, so it will last almost indefinitely. It is also all around us. It is in our seas and rivers and bodies of water. It is in the crust of the earth that is beneath our feet. It is also in our plant life. Unfortunately, it is very hard to locate and extract, so it is very expensive as well. It takes about 2.5 to 3 tons of gold ore in order to make 1oz of pure gold.

Jewelry's Most Popular Metal

The most popular metal in the modern jewelry of today is gold. More specifically, You can find many different forms of heart jewelry that use gold. In terms of one single jewelry item, it is without a doubt the "simple gold wedding band" (since weddings are so popular). As we mentioned, gold is malleable and soft, it can't really be utilized in its pure form. It must be mixed with other metals in order to make it more strong and durable. Do you know what combining two or more metals is called? The resulting metal is called an alloy, and most of the gold that we use in our jewelry today is found in the form of an alloy. What types of gold jewelry are there you ask? Consider:
(1) 18k gold jewelry,
(2) 14k gold jewelry,
(3) Indian gold jewelry,
(4) White gold jewelry,
(5) Gold jewelry,
(6) 24k gold jewelry,
(7) Rose gold jewelry,
(8) Gold body jewelry,
(9) Wholesale gold jewelry,
(10) Gold charm jewelry,
(11) 22k gold jewelry,
(12) Gold horse jewelry,
(13) Gold plated jewelry,
(14) Other cool gold jewelry items.

Do you know where the word karat comes from? It is derived from the word for the fruit of the carob tree. Here are some derivations: in Arabic we have qirat, in Greek we have keration, and in Italian the word carato. You see, the seeds of the carob tree's fruit were used in ancient times for measuring precious gems. Since the pure gold Byzantine coin (called the solidus by the way) weighed 24 karats, the 24 karat mark (24 KT or 24K) became the symbol used to indicate that an item was pure gold.

Which is Which: Karats or Carats?

When we talk about gold we often hear the term carat (or karat). Bugs bunny preferred to be paid in carrots, but that is another item all together. When you are paid in carats, well, then you are really talking about some major money. In jewelry terms, the carat has a double meaning. It is used as a measurement of weight for gemstones (one carat is usually equivalent to 1/5 gram), but in some countries it can also be used to denote the amount of pure gold in a piece of gold jewelry. In the United States, when we want to indicate the gold content rather than the weight, we use a "k", such as "karat", to avoid any confusion that may arise.

24K gold (at least in most instances) is too soft to be used in jewelry. In some regions of the world they prefer to use 18K or 20K because (A) of its brighter yellow color and (B) for the simple fact that it is closer to being pure 24K gold. In the United States 14K or 18K is preferred above the others because it is more durable.

Gold 990

There is a new alloy on the way that we should mention. Gold 990 is an alloy of pure gold and only a small amount of titanium. This means you have almost pure gold, with greatly increased durability. This alloy is of "straw color", and is similar to the look of 14K gold, so those looking for that 24K gold look should look further. Still, if you are looking for a way to have "almost pure" gold and better durability, this alloy may suit you great.

This brings us to the question "In order for something to be called gold, how many carats must the item be?" The rules for this vary, depending upon the country. In the United States, in order for an item to be called "gold" it has to be at least 10K. In France and Italy it must be 18K, while in Canada and England the number is 9K.

Is All Gold Yellow?

Gold is mostly associated with the color yellow, but not all gold is yellow. Why is this? For starters, pure 24K gold is always yellow in color. As mentioned earlier, since pure gold is too soft and malleable for jewelry use, and since countries have different standards for what "gold" means, you can change the color of "gold" by exchanging the alloys that you happen to add to it. Here's the formula: Yellow gold is made up of gold, copper and silver. Green gold is made up of gold, silver, copper, and zinc. White gold is comprised of gold, nickel, silver, zinc, palladium and platinum. Pink (or red) gold is composed of gold, copper, and sometimes a tiny amount of silver.

Ever Heard of Underkarating?

There is one more thing that we should talk about before we leave this subject of carats and karats. When you are purchasing a piece of jewelry you should be concerned about underkarating. This is a serious problem in many areas around the world, so be sure to purchase your jewelry from a reliable jewelry store or reliable jewelry outlet. Underkarating means that although the jewelry item is marked to indicate a certain amount of jewelry content it can contain less than the amount indicated. Jewelers who sell underkarated jewelry will sometimes boast about the fact that you are "getting a bargain" In actuality you are not getting anything of the sort. Since the jewelry item they are selling you contains less gold and more alloy than what is indicated, what kind of a bargain is that? As always, the buyer must beware. Only purchase jewelry items from reliable sources.

What is the Manufacturer's Registered Trademark?

You should always look for a manufacturer's registered trademark on any gold jewelry item you purchase. It is located near the karat mark, and manufacturers take this trademark very seriously. In addition, as more and more jewelers get concerned about being held liable, they are willing to only purchase jewelry items from manufacturers who are willing to stand by what they sell. This trademark can be traced back to the very people who made this jewelry, and their reputation is on the line. They won't dare mess up in this particular area.

How To Resolve Skin Discoloration

Have you noticed that sometimes you have skin discoloration when you wear jewelry? Why is that? It is not the pure gold that is causing this. Pure gold does not tarnish, and as a result will not discolor the skin. It is the alloys that are added to the pure gold that are causing this discoloration effect. This happens mostly under moist or damp conditions. These alloys mix with the fatty acids that are present in your perspiration, and this can set up a corrosive reaction. This problem can be even worse in those areas where there is salt in the air, so if you plan a trip to the beach with your gold jewelry...beware.

Oh and one more thing we should talk about. Metallic abrasion that is caused by some makeup is another common cause of discoloration. Some makeup contains compounds that are actually harder than the jewelry in which they are coming into contact with? Did you know that? As these compounds rub and grind against the jewelry you are wearing they can cause some of the gold to flake off. The result is a dark looking "dust". When this "dust" makes contact with your sweaty skin, a black smudge is what is left over.

And The Solution Is?

Now that we have identified the problem, what is the solution to discoloration resulting from jewelry? You need to get into the habit of removing the jewelry often and washing the skin that it is coming into contact with. Plain soap and water is the preferred solution. Oh and remember to keep your jewelry clean as well. You should wipe the jewelry periodically with a nice soft cloth to remove any tarnish that may "build up". It might also be a good idea to use a body powder that is free of abrasions on all areas of your skin that will be in contact with the jewelry you wish to wear.

Why not check and see if a similar piece of jewelry is available from another manufacturer? You may find that one jewelry item causes discoloration while a similar looking one does not. This doesn't necessarily mean that one piece is inferior to another mind you. Jewelry manufacturers often use different alloys (or different combinations of alloys) in jewelry development. Although the pieces may look the same, one piece of jewelry may cause discoloration while another may not.

You know, you can always switch to a more pure form of gold jewelry. This could resolve the problem. After all, it is these alloys that are causing the problem, and if you move more in the direction of pure gold...problem solved.

In Conclusion

We hope you enjoyed our Free Gold Guide Tour into the World of Gold Jewelry and Skin Discoloration. If you would like to learn a bit more, please visit our blog. We do focus on heart jewelry primarily, but we also provide general information regarding the history of jewelry, and where you can purchase other great jewelry items.

Our sites on: beautiful heart jewelry and open heart jewelry will fill you in on all the details if you would like to learn more.

Wedding Rings- History

The history of Wedding rings can be traced to the Romans. The Romans wore the wedding rings on the ring finger of left hand because they believed that the left hand ring finger connected directly to the heart. They called it the "vena amoris", or "vein of love". Originally, it was only worn by the women, but around the 20th Century men also started wearing wedding rings to symbolize marriage.

In Ancient Egypt the River Nile was known to bring all things good and bad to their people and Pharaohs. It also had banks lined with reeds from where the first wedding rings were made. They were twisted and plaited into a circle that fitted around the finger, but because they obviously did not last for long, they were soon replaced by the use of leather and bone.

This ring was believed to be symbolically linked to various things. The whole meant a doorway to all that is known and unknown. The circle shape was thought to be the same as the Sun and Moon to whom they worshiped, and the fact that the ring had no start or end meant it was linked to the thought of eternity.
When the women accepted this ring from her partner, it was originally thought to form a legally binding contract in that she now belonged to the man.

In the early days of Rome, these rings were originally made out of iron, then brass and copper for example. Those who could afford more precious metals, started to purchase rings made up of silver and gold. Some even added precious stones such as diamonds that meant they would have an indestructible relationship. or rubies that gave them everlasting love. This is often still done today.

During the Italian Renaissance and then through the 17th Century, silver became the most popular metal used, and then slowly did the use of gold. many rings during these times were engraved with words such as "faith" and "love" around the inside of the shank. Although gold became the most popular, not everybody could afford one, so it became increasing popular to just borrow one until after the ceremony. The Church of England is not particularly bothered which metal is used, just as long as one is used.

Although early Protestant Puritans proclaimed them to be unGodly and that they should not be used. The Catholic Church at that time spoke exactly the opposite, and tried to entice the use of these rings by stating the fact that Joseph and Mary used one made of onyx or amethyst.

Just as it should today, the wedding ring always had to fit correctly, because if it was too loose it could bring about unfaithfulness and recklessness, but if it was fitted to tight, it could allow jealous and possessive thoughts.

The first sort of pre-wedding ceremony that involved the exchanging of wedding bands, was when a "gemmal" ring was known to be used. This was made from three separate bands, one given to the bride to be, one to the groom and one to a witness. On the day of the wedding all three rings would be placed back together on the finger of the bride.

The real exchanging of rings as we know it today, is really quite a modern employment, this started at the time of the Second World War. The men who left to fight for their respective countries would wear one so that they could not forget their partners back home and that they may be kept safe from danger.

One of the only Christian beliefs today that do not recognise or wear the wedding ring, is that of the Quakers.

Diamond-set Wedding Rings, & other Wedding Rings, including Ruby Wedding Rings & Sapphire Wedding Rings, are found at http://www.globejewellery.co.uk/.

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Jewelry- from 3000 BC Egypt to the 21st Century

History of Jewelry- A nice article

Egypt

The use of gold jewelry can be dated back to Egypt 3000 BC. Gold was the preferred metal for jewelry making during ancient times. It was rare, it was easy to work with, and it never tarnished.

Magnificent bracelets, pendants, necklaces, rings, armlets, earrings, collars, and head ornaments were all produced in ancient Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs. In 1922 Howard Carter's excavations led to the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb and many gold artifacts, all showing the art work of ancient Egypt.

Greece

In ancient Greece, gold beads in the shape of shells, flowers and beetles were very common. In Northern Greece beautiful necklaces and earrings have been excavated from burial.

By 300 BC the Greeks were using gems such as emeralds, garnets, amethysts and pearls. They also created colored glass stones and enamel stones. Carved agate cameos and gold filigree work were widely made.

Italy

The Italian Etruscans produced granulated textured gold work. They made very large, necklaces, bracelets and earrings. They were also known for producing hollow gold pendants that were filled with perfume. Even today the Italians are still known for the quality gold jewelry.

Rome

The Romans used 18 and 24 carat gold for their coins. Coinage gold was readily available so it was popular with craftsmen for decorative jewelry. Over 2000 years ago the Romans were using sapphires, emeralds, garnets, and amber in their jewelry.
Europe.

During the 13th century the Medieval Sumptuary Laws were enacted which put a cap on luxurious jewelry and clothing. The town folk of France, banned from wearing girdles made from pearls or any other gemstone.

They were also banged from wearing gold or silver. Similar laws existed in England banning artisans from wearing gold and silver. These laws show how fine jewelry had spread beyond nobility to the town folk.

For as long as mankind has existed gems and jewels have been used as token of ones love for another. While many pieces of jewelry existed adorned with fine gems and made from precious metals, there was also some very good fake jewelry.

True gemstones and pearls originated in the east and they were bought mainly by the Italians. The Italian merchants then sold the jewelry to the Europeans.

High quality glass imitations were often used and sold with the intent to deceive. These high quality glass stones were often used in the Royal funeral robes and in children's jewelry.

Valued more than gemstones, were the flawless, round, natural white pearls. South India provided some of the finest pearls. The Italians were able to make quality imitation glass gems and pearls that could only be identified by a gemologist.

There is historical proof that recipes for false pearls existed as far back as 1300. White powdered glass was mixed with albumen and snail slime to produce imitation pearls.

Earrings and Dress Jewelry

During the 17th century woman always wore earrings, whether they were dressed or undressed. It was very acceptable to wear faux pearls and paste gem earrings during the day saving fine diamond jewelry and gem jewelry for evening attire.

Dress ornamentation decreased in size. Sleeves or skirts were often decorated with matching brooches.

During the 16th it was very fashionable to wear large quantities of pearls. Both jewelry to clothing accessories were adorned with pearls.

During the 17th century Jaquin of Paris patented a method of making fake pearls. Hollow blown glass balls were coated with varnish mixed with iridescent ground fish scales. The hollow balls were then filled with wax to strengthen them. This discovery made Paris the main producer of faux pearls for well over 200 years.

Paste is a compound of glass containing white lead oxide and potash. Paste jewelry was very common in the later part of the 17th century. The highest quality and most long lasting paste jewelry was produced after 1734 by Georges Strass.

Paris lead the production of faux gems [paste] and faux pearls. Just about any kind of fake gem could be made, including fake opals.

After 1760 the production of fake jewelery spread to London and to Birmingham. During the industrial revolution steel was produced in large quantities so it was easily available. It was ues for setting marcasite and jasper ware cameos. Glass and Wedgwood porcelain paste cameos were made in English factories and were also very popular.

The fashion from this era also included ornate shoe buckles of paste, steel and tin, elaborate paste jewel buttons, as well as semi precious for day wear.

Empire Jewelry

In 1804 Napoleon emerged as Emperor of France, resulting in a revival of jewelry and fashion as a new court of pomp.
'Joailliers' worked fine jewelry and 'bijoutiers' used less precious materials.

The members of the new French imperial family had the former French royal family gems re-set into the latest neo-classical style. The new trends soon found their way to Europe, particularly England. The main influence for design was the Greek and Roman.

Parures and Cameos

Parures were a matching suite of coordinating precious gems which could include a necklace, a comb, a tiara, a diadem, a bandeau, a pair of bracelets, pins, rings, drop earrings or and cluster stud earrings and possibly a belt clasp.

A full parure consisted of a minimum of four pieces. A demi parure consisted of three or less pieces. Both Josephine and Napoleon's second wife had magnificent parures.

Once Napoleon's cameo decorated coronation crown was seen, cameos became the rage. Cameos were carved from hard stone, conch shells and even from Wedgwood porcelain.

Victorian Jewelry

In 1837 when Queen Victoria came to the throne jewelry was romantic and nationalistic. It focused on European folk art, which later influenced the Arts and Crafts Movement. Until mid century most western jewelry came from Europe, with some jewelry being produced in North America and Australia.

Mass production of mid Victorian jewelry in Birmingham, Germany and Providence, Rhode Island resulted in lower jewelry standards. Victorian women rebelled when they saw some the poor quality of much of this machine made jewelry.

Woman rebelled by wearing no jewelry at all, or buying from the emerging artist craftsman. Some jewelers like Tiffany recognized a niche market and began to make fine jewelry of a very high standard, opening shops in main European cities.

Mourning Jewelry

During the Victorian era mourning jewelry was very fashionable. The initial months of mourning were unadorned by jewelry of any kind. As the mourning rituals increased, mourning jewelry developed as a fashion item. Queen Victorian wore a great deal of jet mourning jewelry after Prince Albert's death.

Jet from Whitby, North of England was set into mourning pieces. All types of material that were black were used and almost all included a lock of the dead loved one's hair. Hair was also plaited, braided or twisted very tightly until it became hard and thread like.

Arts and Crafts Jewelry

During the 1870s the Arts and Crafts movement evolved as a reaction to mass produced shoddy goods and inferior machine made products which were a result of the industrial revolution.

William Morris and John Ruskin were both leaders of the arts and crafts movement in England. They promoted simple Arts and Crafts of designs based on floral, primitive or Celtic forms worked as wallpapers, furniture and jewelry.

The polished stones used in Arts and Crafts jewelry gave a medieval, simpler, gentler, tooled hand made look and feel to items.

Art Nouveau

The Art Nouveau followed the arts and crafts movement resulting in a new jewelry look. The movement began in Paris and its influence went throughout the Western world. Art nouveau jewelry had curves, sinuous organic lines of romantic and imaginary dreaminess.

It was very ethereal turning into winged bird and flower forms. French, René Lalique was the master goldsmith of the era of Art Nouveau producing exquisite one off pieces. Today, the Art Nouveau style is still admired, sought after, and copied.

Pearls

Various combinations of pearl necklaces come in and out of fashion with regularity so pearls too are a must. Today pearls are still a wardrobe essential. Both faux pearls and cultured pearls are very affordable today.

Since the opening of trade with China in the 1990s, many pearls are imported from China dropping the price to about 1/3 of what it was prior to China entering the market.

The Japanese have suffered disease in their pearl beds as well as facing competition and are finding it hard to compete with China's prices.

Pearl necklaces and pearl earrings can lift a complexion and bring light and radiance to the face taking years off a woman whatever her age. They have been a wardrobe staple for centuries, and a wedding attire tradition.

Cultured pearls have become very affordable, and faux pearls are very cheap and the quality can be excellent. Currently Pearls are a very "hot" fashion statement and with the modern twist of being interspaced on gold wire or floating on special synthetic cord they are essential to the millennium look.

Cocktail Jewelry

During the 1920s Lalique mass produced and designed high quality glass jewelry. Fake, or costume jewellery was sometimes then called cocktail jewelry.

Costume or Cocktail jewelry was greatly influenced by designers such as Coco Chanel, and Elsa Shiparelli as well as a host of other designers. These two designers were particularly known for encouraging clients to mix their fine jewelry and costume jewelry. Both designers offered imagination and fun and both often sported fabulous fakes.

In the late 1930s Napier of the USA was at the forefront of manufacturing fake cocktail jewelry offer glamour and escapism. Today, Napier still produces excellent contemporary costume pieces.

Hollywood Influence

By the 1940s and 1950s American culture was very dominant in Europe. The influence of movie films and the prominence of film stars set the fashion stage for womens make-up, hair and wardrobe.

People wanted copies of outfits and jewelry worn by the actresses. Women believed that the glamour of Hollywood would rub off on them if they dressed and looked like the glamorous Hollywood actresses.

During the Second World War metals were rationed, halting the production of fine jewelry. Quality costume jewelry picked up the now defunct fine jewelry market. Costume jewelry flourished becoming an acceptable alternative to fine jewelry.
1980's Television Influences Jewelry

During the 1980s with the evolution of glitzy television soaps such as Dynasty and Dallas, costume jewelry once again became a "hot" fashion statement. With over 250 million viewers, it didn't take long for costume jewelry to be reborn.

Glitz and sparkle by day was not only acceptable, it became the norm. Earrings grew to an unbelievable size, as did other pieces of jewelry. By the 1990s this sparkly dazzling jewelry phenomena was dead, replace with tiny real diamond studs or a fine stud pearls.

21st Century Jewelry

For the 21st century women believe a mix is good. Fine jewelry combined with costume jewelry are wardrobe essentials. The sophisticated women of this century know what they want from their jewelry and how to wear it to make their fashion statement.

They recognize that costume jewelry can liven up their wardrobe. The types and quality of costume jewelry has grown enormously. Today one can purchase what is classified as fine costume jewelry which is usually plated at least seven times with 10 22 ct gold.

Swarovski crystal set in gold are common accessories, and cubic zirconium, man's imitation diamond, can be purchased for a fraction of the cost of real diamonds allowing every women to add diamond styled jewelry to their wardrobe.

Ciro, Adrian Buckley, Butler and Wilson, Swarovski Crystal Jewelry Napier, Joan Rivers, Joan Collins, Christian Dior, California Crystal, Property of A Lady and of course Kenneth J Lane to name just a few continue to produce high quality fashion jewelry for today's women.

Costume jewelry can take you from the board room to a night out of dining and dancing to your most intimate evening. It can make you look your best for your wedding, or a day at the beach. You can make Your Fashion Statement With Costume Jewelry!

Sher from Estate Jewelry International has been serving customers for over 20 years, providing fashion, jewelry, and wedding help. So stop by and visit us at http://www.estatejewelryinternational.com/ We'll help you make your fashion statement! Remember looking good doesn't have to cost a fortune!

Selling Your Jewelry and Getting the Most For It

Interesting article

 

Selling Your Jewelry: Triumph or Tragedy?

Which is more fun, getting a root canal, paying your taxes, or selling your jewelry? Not much of a choice, but following is some knowledge that can take the frustration out of selling your jewelry. And answer the hard questions like: Will I receive a fair price for my jewelry? Or did I pay too much?

The two critical areas of knowledge to get the best price for your jewelry are the factors that determine the value of estate jewelry and the options to liquidating it. Does this mean you have to become a gemologist just to sell your jewelry? No. But some homework and note taking can mean a much higher price paid for your jewelry. Let's start with what determines the value of estate jewelry.

Estate is a general term used to describe previously owned. That fact is one of the determining factors. Preowned jewelry by in large is not as valuable as new. Some people will never buy a previous owned engagement set for superstitious reasons. I have had clients who could have saved hundreds of dollars if they would have bought a preowned ring, but refused.

Jewelry is a style driven industry. Some styles are classic and stay around for decades, others last just a few months. Estate jewelry that is out of style can't command premium price. In fact some styles are so out of favor that the jewelry's only value is its intrinsic worth. The other extreme is that the jewelry could be antique. Antique jewelry is highly collectible and may require a specialty option to sell. Knowing if your jewelry is just old and out of style or an antique can mean the difference of hundreds, if not thousands of dollars.

Condition is a major determining factor of the price received for your jewelry. Damaged and broken jewelry many times justify the restoration costs but most of the time damaged jewelry is only valued at its intrinsic worth. Jewelry repair in many instances is counter-intuitive. I have seen jewelry that has been mangled in such a way that the cost of restoration is minor and easily justified. On the other hand what appeared to be an insignificant problem rendered the jewelry unrestorable. Jewelry repair is one area you don't want to be a "do it yourselfer". Let the professionals do it, or it could end up costing you a ton of money.

Worn out jewelry impacts the value. It is a difficult repair to bring life back into a piece of jewelry. Most worn out jewelry is valued at its intrinsic worth.

Jewelry looks it's best when cleaned. Properly clean your jewelry before showing it around. If you do not know the 100% correct way to clean your piece of jewelry let a professional jeweler clean it for you. Some jewelry stores may even clean it for free. Warning: the wrong cleaning can damage and even destroy jewelry. If your are unsure of how to clean the jewelry or gem, let the professionals do it.

Here are some cleaning tips. Never clean gold and gems in chlorine. Ammonia based cleaning products are used throughout the jewelry industry, but they can damage some gems. Try and avoid them if you can and know for certain if they well not hurt the gems in your jewelry. Use a mild soap with warm water and a soft toothbrush, then rinse thoroughly for most jewelry. A hard toothbrush and toothpaste or toothpowder will scratch gold and hurt some gems. The best cleaning tip is to know for certain the best cleaners to use on your jewelry and do it carefully.

The jewelry industry has been recycling for millennia. In fact some of the gold in your jewelry could have been in use since the time of Jesus. Damaged beyond repair jewelry is bought at its intrinsic worth. The intrinsic value is the metal (gold, platinum, silver) price plus any gems. The refining process used to recover the metal utilizes strong chemicals and has strict environmental regulations which impact the price given for metal brought to be recycled.

If you would like to know how to calculate the metal price and do the math read on, if not skip to next paragraph. The formula used to calculate the price is the metal price(the daily spot price) multiplied by purity(the true noble metal content) times weight(can be in ounces, pennyweights or grams). The purity is the karat of gold or percentage of noble metal (gold, platinum, silver). 24 karat is pure. 10 karat is 10/24 or.410 gold and the balance of weight is the alloys. 14 karat is 14/24 or.583 gold and 18 karat is 18/24 or.750 gold. Platinum most of the time is 90% pure and 10% alloy. Silver jewelry is usually sterling, which is.925 pure. The three units of weight used with precious metals are troy ounces, pennyweights, and grams. The troy ounce is equal to 20 pennyweights (dwt) or 31.15 grams. So here is an example; say the spot price of gold is $300 and a 14K ring weighing 10 grams would work out like this. $300 (spot price) X.583 (the fineness of gold) equals $174.90 per ounce divided by 31.15 (troy ounce to gram) equals $5.63 per gram times our ring of 10 grams equals $56.30. Just remember to subtract some refining cost and profit for the dealer and you can find out the intrinsic metal value for your jewelry.

Gems are an important part of jewelry. The estate jewelry value could be 99% determined by the gem. On the other hand the gem could add zero to the value. The two critical factors are the gem itself and the condition. Some gems have a higher value then others. A natural ruby is worth many times more then a synthetic ruby. Diamonds are generally more valuable then amethysts. Knowing your gem's grade and rarity will help with understanding its value. The condition of the gem is critical to the value. Some chips and abrasions can justify the repolishing cost. But in most cases chips and scratches will render the gem unappealing and valueless. Tip: careful handling of jewelry retains a higher value then carelessness.

The overview of the determining factors of estate jewelry is style, condition, and intrinsic worth. Remember you don't get paid for the jewelry in relation to what you paid but the condition and demand when you sell. Clean jewelry shows the item at its best and helps in evaluating the design and gems.
How to find the best way to get the most return for the jewelry?

Selling estate jewelry is the art of compromise. There is a balance between dollar paid and quickness of payment and ease of transaction. If you want the high price, fast and easy, you are dreaming. The higher the price gained from the sale of estate jewelry, the longer the time and more difficult the transaction..

Finding another consumer to buy your jewelry is the most profitable but the most difficult, time consuming and problematic. Walking into a dealer's shop is the easiest and fastest way to sell but you are selling at wholesale or less. Finding the balance is a personal judgement call.

Each method of selling estate jewelry has it strengths and liabilities. Besides the price received for the jewelry, the time investment you have to make to sell the jewelry enters the equation. What are your time and energy worth? I have known people who have driven around town for two days just to make $20 more. Don't over look the ease of transaction. Not all people decide to buy and pay cash on the spot. Some individuals take two or three visits just to make up their mind to buy. There could also be a measure of trust in shipping the jewelry across the country or even a payment plan could be the only way a person could afford your jewelry. The balance of dollar paid versus method of payment can be very tricky.

This list of ways to sell estate jewelry is not exhaustive. Personal creativity can show you the best way to sell your jewelry or one the more traditional methods may work out just fine. Examine your options and evaluate the benefits and drawbacks to find the very best way to sell your estate jewelry.

Auctions are the prestigious way to sell estate jewelry. There is an air of sophistication in liquidating jewelry through a major auction house. The nationally known auction houses like Christie's, Sotheby's and the like have pricey set up costs and standards. High end jewelry is best suited for these auctions. There are many regional and local auction houses that can sell estate jewelry in the mid range. Auctions can be very risky, because the end price is unknown, but the risk can bring a very positive selling price. The keys to selling your estate jewelry at auctions are finding the right house for your particular jewelry, knowing the best time to sell, and luck.

On-line auctions offer a lot of advantages and some risks. On-line auctions like e-bay are auctions conducted over the internet reaching a world wide audience. The cost of selling an item is modest if the object sells. Sales are not guaranteed. Which on line auction to use is a critical choice. The large auctions have many offerings and sales but it is easy to get lost in all that activity. Selecting the best category is another challenge. If you choose a smaller on line auction company, many potential buyers will not find your offering. The decision is best made with research on how your particular type of jewelry was sold. E-mail and ask other sellers if they got the price they wanted and how the selling experience was for them.

The trickiest part of on-line auctions is the actual transaction. Who will trust whom first. Normally the buyer sends funds, then the seller sends the item. The seller must also give a period of time for the buyer to return the item for a full refund. The transaction can be problematic or smooth. May all your experiences be trouble free, but the transaction problems I have tracked seem to run between 20% and 35% of the attempts have problems.

Jewelry brokers offer a professional service for a fee. Think of a jewelry broker as a hired professional working for you against a very sophisticated market like the jewelry industry. Make sure their allegiance is to you alone. Most jewelry brokers are highly trained in gems and jewelry. Jewelry brokers charge a percentage ranging from 10% to 50% depending on the type of service provided. Brokers can assist with a piece going to a top auction house or find a local dealer willing to pay top dollar fast. Some jewelry brokers also act as a dealer and buy out right for an immediate transaction. Jewelry brokers are usually found in major cities and include a jewelry and diamond finding service.

Pawn shops and secondhand dealers are another type of walk-in and sell option. Most work on a cash evaluation of the jewelry. The cash value on most estate jewelry is a percentage of the intrinsic value. The key to understanding this buying environment is the percentage. Some dealers pay close to 90% of the intrinsic value, while others pay as low as 33%. The only way to find the best price is to physically take the jewelry around to a number of shops. Then sell to the shop that offers the best value.

Consignment offers the incentive of a higher price when sold but the draw back of time. No one knows how long it will take or even if it will sell. The stores that offer consignment range from second hand bargain stores to elite jewelry stores. The type of estate jewelry you have dictates which store will attempt to sell your jewelry. If you have a high end piece in excellent condition the elite location could yield a fine return.

Consignment generally consists of a contract for the amount the jewelry will sell for and the percentage the store will keep. Some contracts have a time limit and who is liable if it is lost or damaged. You must know the details of the contract to understand what will and will not happen. Some stores will pay immediately, others pay after a set time or when you call. Find out what the process is if the store closes or moves. Many people have lost track of their jewelry altogether. Understand what the store's liabilities are and yours. Also, find out how the store is going to sell your jewelry. If they will advertise it or just let it sit in a showcase. Make frequent contacts to keep your jewelry in the mind of the salespeople.

Newspapers offer individuals the best chance to sell to a retail customer. The classified shopping consumer, in all likelihood, comparison shops more then anyone else. They know the prices of your jewelry new and will pay a discount for a used article of jewelry. Also realize that the prices asked for in the paper are rarely achieved and do not reveal the true market value. Some times the jewelry is sold for very much less then advertised or never sold at all. But with some safeguards and timing the classified ad is generally one of the highest prices realized for average estate jewelry.

The retail customer is the highest price you could receive for your estate jewelry. The newspaper is one of many ways to reach the buying public with your message to sell. Public bulletin boards offer a inexpensive way to reach people. Look in your community or work place for bulletin boards. On line bulletin boards could also work out if you find the right one. Net working with friends and family might give a lead to someone willing to buy. Creativity is a powerful tool in reaching the public. Use your imagination and think who would be willing to buy my particular estate jewelry and reach out to them.

Safeguards are critical when selling jewelry to the public. First NEVER, NEVER, NEVER, and NEVER meet an unknown buyer in your house. Personal safety and protection against robbery should be your first priority. If you don't have a way to meet the potential buyer at a public place, then do not sell your jewelry to the general public. Meet the buyer in a public place like a restaurant or shopping mall. I suggest the buyer's bank, because if they wish to buy the jewelry they can go and get the cash now and finish the transaction. In addition the bank should have some security if something goes bad.

Fraud should be next on your mind. Cash is the best transaction, checks of all kinds can be faked. Also be aware of switching of jewelry, con men are on the look out for unsuspecting people.

Some other safeguards are notifying someone of the time and place of your meeting. You can even tell them you will call after the meeting just to check in with someone. It is helpful to have a mobile phone. If you have a pager it is a good idea to give that number in the ad. You get a call back number and they can't find your home address. It is also a good idea to go with someone else. I have met people with another person standing in the background just watching. Sometimes con men work in teams and someone looking at the whole situation can see that it is a bad situation in time to help you not get taken.

I'd like to make one final point: most of the world is filled with wonderful people and everything should go just fine. Trust your instincts. Keep diligent and alert. Don't take risks just to make a little more on the sale of your estate jewelry.

Selling your estate jewelry is not an everyday experience. Enjoy the adventure and learn some new skills. One very positive side effect of selling jewelry is you will learn how to evaluate jewelry. You will become a very wise jewelry buyer. Enjoy the journey.

Daniel Parisi
Diamond & Jewelry Broker, Gemologist

For more information check out http://mygemologist.com